Friday, May 15, 2020
Human Bodies Are Much Like Carefully Crafted Machines
Olivia Harris Mrs. Gerhart Health 7/21/2016 Intricate human bodies are much like carefully crafted machines. Each function has a purpose, and each need has a particular function. And, much like a machine, bodies can replenish their power, repair themselves, and fail and break down. One particular necessity for human bodies is sleep, and if not acquired, many complications can emerge. Sleep deprivation is a common problem all too often overlooked as a mere loss of a nightââ¬â¢s rest. Most people do not realize the potential problems sleep deprivation can cause. From undesired grouchiness and uninhibited yawns to constant illness and a failing mental state, sleep deprivation is a condition to never be taken lightly. In fact, it can cause anâ⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦REM, or Rapid Eye Movement is when a brain engages and enters the dream state. During each state, a healthy body will replenish energy, repair muscles and tissues, activate the brain, and release certain growth hormones. For a body to do this, though, it mu st first acquire enough sleep, which many people find difficult to do. An average of 7-9 hours of sleep for an adult, and 8-9 hours of sleep for a teenager is the desired time to gain the most benefits from sleep, allowing for several REM cycles, and more recharging time. Anybody who fails to sleep enough will not experience the healing process, and instead become sickly and weak, becoming sleep deprived. There are two kinds of sleep deprivation. The shorter one, or acute sleep deprivation is a loss of 1 night to a few days of slumber, compared to the longer term Chronic sleep deprivation, which results from multiple days deprived of rest. Both acute and chronic sleep deprivation show various symptoms to a victim of it. When a person becomes sleep deprived, they will begin to feel lethargic throughout the day and experience microsleeping when doing everyday tasks, such as driving or eating. A sleep deprived person will also find it hard to concentrate, have little control over their emotions, and easily anger over trivial matters. A sleep deficit can derive from numerous interconnected actions or problems. Many people treat their bodies poorly
Wednesday, May 6, 2020
Exploration of Child Labor - 1677 Words
Child Labor, a Global Problem with Local Causes Christopher King, Debra Hang - Aguayo, India Williams University of Phoenix It is hard to imagine that in 2009 that child labor still exists. However, it is true that children all over the world are waking up and going to work instead of going to school. As the gap between the rich and poor grows, more children will be forced to give up school for work. Is there an answer to this problem that will lead to the elimination of the dilemma? Has the practice been in place for so long that it has become so accepted that the there is no viable solution? Is it possible to protect the children of the world by speaking up for those who are unable to speak for themselves? Within theâ⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦Some other major factors that contribute to child labor include parental illiteracy, lack of education, exploitation of cheap labor, family expectations and traditions, limited choices for women and public opinion that downplays the risk of early work for children. Children are often given employment because they are easier to exploit than adults are. Children are considered powerless and paid much less than their parents who are often unemployed or underemployed. Child labor is often considered a problem that only affects developing countries, but child labor is a global issue. Asia, Africa and Latin America have the highest rates of child labor, but the United States, Canada, Europe and other wealthy nations also employ a small number of child laborers. Some of the most common jobs for child laborers include domestic servants, factory workers, farmers and miners. In poverty-stricken areas, it is not uncommon for a child to desert school and begin work in order to provide for themselves and their families. Boys often work in mines, farms and factories, while girls are trained in house duties and sent off to become domestic servants. Domestic servants are especially at risk of becoming victims of physical and sexual abuse by their employers. International economic trends have also increased the amount of child labor in poor, developing countries. ââ¬Å"Debt, bloated military budgets and structural adjustment programs imposed by the InternationalShow MoreRelatedAn Exploration Of The Behavioral Management Aide Career Essay1135 Words à |à 5 PagesAbstract This paper is a brief exploration of the Behavioral Management Aide career in the Social and Human Service Assistant field. 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ToRead MoreThe Effects of the Industrial Revolution1508 Words à |à 7 Pageswas there concentration on agriculture, as their main source of an economy, and started to concern themselves with commerce, trade, and exploration of new technologies. Working toward great financial success to make a profit. Even though the machinery was new the main power source was human labor. Production took place in homes and small workshops. The primary labor force was drawn specifically to the young, as the ind ustrial revolution began in semi-normal locations. The effects of the IndustrialRead MoreImperialism And The Congo : Imperialism1413 Words à |à 6 Pageswith all the resources that flourished there. Là ©opold then went on to colonizing the Congo and taking it in for his own. He colonized the Congo for 23 years. The Congoââ¬â¢s resources were used at full capacity, as the Congolese people were forced to do labor to harvest these resources. 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It basically said that U.S. wouldnââ¬â¢t say that immigrants from Japan would not be turned away and that Japan wont allow them to immigrate. Great White Fleet was the U.S. Navyââ¬â¢s exploration of the world. This was a voyage that was told to be taken by Roosevelt for interaction with the world. Hay-Bunau-Varilla Treaty was an agreement between the U.S. and the founders of the Panama Canal. It basically gave the United States permissionRead MoreMarx, Max Weber And Emile Durkheim948 Words à |à 4 Pageshistorical materialism. The principle of this theory is that the economic condition of society, its mode of production is the factor governing societyââ¬â¢s structure and development. In his writings Marx discusses the nuances surrounding the division of labor in the modern capitalist world. He theorized that the class struggles resulting from capitalist exploitation of the proletariat is the catalyst that will lead to a social revolution. From that social revolution will emerge a new society where the capitalistRead MoreChild Development : Infant And Toddler Development1375 Words à |à 6 Pageswomen do not go into labor on their own, sometimes there are complications with the fetus and the labor needs to be induced. An induction of labor may be required if the pregnancy has gone past 42 weeks, if the mother has high blood pressure, diabetes, an uterine infection, or if the water has been broken but contractions have not began. Labor can be induced by ripening the cervix, which includes inserting a small tablet into the vagina that helps start the process of labor. Medications such as oxytocinRead MorePrenatal And Postnatal Health Care1707 Words à |à 7 Pageshealth care has resulted in unpleasant and unsafe prenatal experiences. In an article by Sinà ©ad Redmond, secretary of the Association for Improvements in Maternity Services (AIMS) Ireland, she points out that in many Irish hospitals, women who are in labor are not provided with ââ¬Å"one-on-one careâ⬠by a midwife and are instead ââ¬Å"strapped to a CTG [cardiotocography] and left to labour in rooms alone while one midwife watches all the traces in a centralized locationâ⬠(ââ¬Å"Irelandââ¬â¢s Maternity Unitsâ⬠). Larkin,
Tuesday, May 5, 2020
Marijuana Analysis Essay Example For Students
Marijuana Analysis Essay Cannabis Sativa (marijuana) has been thought tobe an illegal and very harmful drug for many years. But asyou read this report you will learn that marijuana has beenaround for many years (most years legal) and isnt asharmful as some people may think. Marijuana has beenused for many things in the past, including medicine, hemprope, crude cloth and enjoyment. Now it is mainly used asa narcotic. Marijuana is an illegal weed that grows up toeighteen feet tall with little or no cultivation. The plant hasmany branches that extend with large, hairy, pointed leaveswith saw tooth edges. Marijuana grows wild all over theworld and in some states and countries its legal. Cloth andrope are made from the stem which contains a tough fibercalled hence. The mind-altering drug in marijuana is calledDelta-9-Tetrahydrocannibinol, or THC. The mildest formof marijuana contains between zero to three percent ofTHC. Most of the THC is contained in the resign, which issecreted around the flowers, seeds, and to pmast leaves. Until recently it was thought that only the female plantcontained the drug. But it is now known that both thefemale and the male plants contain THC. THC stays in thebody for about 28 days. Marijuana can be prepared manydifferent ways therefore it has many different ways ofentering the body. When smoked the THC goes into thelungs, directly into the bloodstream and to every cell in yourbody. The effects depend upon the level of potency andhow much is consumed. The main effects of smoking are:the heart rate may increase from 80 beats to 150 beats aminute, the bronchial tubes enlarge and become relaxedallowing extra oxygen to enter the body, giving a High likefeeling. There are no immediate physiological effects. Thefeeling usually lasts from one to three hours. Marijuana canalso be ingested as a drink, cakes, brownies or many otherfoods. When consumed in foods the effects start after onehalf-hour and last from three to four hours. The potency ofMarijuana has increased at least ten times or 275% sincethe 1960s. Marijuana can be measured by its therapeuticratio, (the difference between the size of the dose neededfor the desired effect and the! size that producespoisoning). The therapeutic ratio in marijuana has yet to befound. The negative long term effects of heavy marijuanause are, possible lung cancer, heart attacks in juveniles,strokes in people under forty, and it depletes the brain ofserotonin and the user may lose his sense of well being ormay become depressed. The user may lose his short-termmemory, but after a week of not using it is usually regained. High Times Magazine. Marijuana contains about 400chemicals that break down into 2000 or more. One jointcontains as much tar as fourteen cigarettes. HumanRelations Media The traditional medications used to treatAIDS sufferers cause a wide range of side effects. Virtuallythe only medicine capable of treating the entire spectrum ofside effects without causing harm to the user is marijuana. There are now 30 diseases listed under the conditionknown as Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome, AIDS. Most AIDS sufferers will contract several of these 30during the course of their illness before finally succumbingto one of them. The traditional medications used in boththeir treatment and as prophylaxisor preventioncause awide range of side effects, including loss of appetite,nausea, headaches, depression, pain, disorientation andfevers. Virtually the only medicine capable of treating theentire spectrum of side effects without causing harm to theuser is marijuana. Naturally, it remains illegal. Provided bythe High Times website. Marijuana is one of the oldestand widely used drugs in the world. It is the second mostpopular intoxicant, next to alcohol. There are two hundredmillion users in the country, and sixty million say that theyhave tried it. Only 40% of high school students graduatedin 1995 without ever trying it. Approximately 33% ofpeople who try it become regular users within three to fiveyears. Smugglers traveling to the U.S.A. from Columbia,Jamaica, and Mexico bring in five billion dollars worth eachyear. Recently a large ship was spotted off of the U.S. A Writing Experience Essaycoast unloading thirty-three tons of marijuana ontoAmerican soil. There have been over 9 million arrests formarijuana-law violations in the United States since 1965,with another arrest every 2 minutes. Over 80% of thesearrests are for possession for personal consumption,according to the FBIs Uniform Crime Reports. Many ofthe 20% that are labeled sale/manufacturing in the FBIsreport actually involve cultivation for personal use orpossession of an amount large enough (usually over anounce) that the police infer possession with intent todistribute, even though it might actually have been forpersonal consumption. But in Singapore and Malaysia itsanother story. There, the death penalty is handed out toanyone in possession of drugs. In twenty years twohundred and fifty people have been hung for possession. Marijuana can be used for more than just the illegal use ofgetting high. As you have read, it helps in medicine and thestem can be used to make clothes or rope. Marijuana isone of the mildest drugs out there and the one of the onlydrugs that serves another purpose besides a trip or ahigh. Marijuana Analysis Essay Example For Students Marijuana Analysis Essay Some call it the demon weed some call it just plane fun well hereis the official statistics on the plant known as Marijuana. Forstarters well go with the health part of the plant. Many Educational and or other health videos in school have you believe thatMarijuana is going to ruin your life and leave you brain dead, but therehas been no known proof that it has had any long term brain damage tothe human brain. The only damage suggested by American MedicalAssociation (AMA) is that it effects the short term memory and they onlybelieve your memory will be affected as long as you smoke it in largeamounts afterwards when you quit they say memory should return tonormal. The AMA also states that the drug is better in your lungs thanTabacco in the way that it does less damage because people smoke it lessto get the effects needed. They also say that you still shouldnt smokeit and it would be healthier to ingest the drug. There have also beenfalse reports made on the drug to scare people away f rom using it. Forinstance Dr. Gabriel Nahas was fired for falsifying reports that thedrug did kill humans by experimenting on monkeys. He put the animalsinto a room and exposed them to proportionally more Marijuana than ahuman would smoke in a life time to prove his point, but he hid the factof the amount of smoke used. The AMA supports the legalization ofMarijuana because its applications to medical use in many ways. Deaths due to weed. So far there have been no deaths due toMarijuana recorded, in fact the only way to actually overdose on thedrug is by smoking three quarters of a ton of it in fifteen minutes!!yes you heard it folks fifteen minutes! Doing this is humanlyimpossible in fact you are more likely to pass out before accomplishingthis task. The only deaths are related to people using the drug thentrying to perform other tasks like driving or to perform some other taskwhich involves large amounts of concentration. In fact a only 75 peoplein America are killed in Marijuana r elated incidents a year. Here is a chart showing the deaths in overdose and or long term use ofother drugs in comparison to Marijuana per year. *Tabbacco.. 340,000-395,000 Alcohol (excluding accident or crime) 125,000 +Prescription 24,000-27,000Illegal Drugs (excluding Marijuana). 3,800-5,200Marijuana 0* Source Government Bureau of Mortality StatisticsThe drug hasnt been involved in many if at all any violentcrimes. In fact Federal Bureau of Narcotics Director Harry Anslingerreports that Marijuana is not a violence inducing drug, it is the exactopposite it is a anti-violent drug or a pacifist. Every year Twentymillion people either smoke or attempt to smoke the drug they includeArtists, Musicians, Writers, Inventors and yes even Lawyers. He saysthat they could be some of the happiest people you know. ðŸâ¢âMarijuana is in no way addictive and the statement of the drugbeing a stepping stone for greater more dangerous drugs is false. Studies have shown that it has the same effect as Caffeine, sugar, oralcohol. The only crimes usually ever committed are having thepossession or smoking the drug. THCTHC or Tetrahydrocannabinol is the active ingredient in Marijuanait causes minor hallucinations, what appears to be the slowing down oftime and is also considered a downer or depressant. THC can be found inthree forms Marijuana, Hashish, and Hashish Oil. Marijuana or Cannabissativa also known weed the most widely used for of THC and is theonly plant known to produce it. The plant is most commonly know as aweed usually takes six to seven months to start budding the bud is thepart of the plant that is usually smoked and or eaten. The plantrequires a rather warm and moist place to grow properly. If not grownproperly the plants THC level is reduced dramatically. Hashish is defined in the websters dictionary as a narcoticderived from hemp that is chewed, smoked or drunk for its intoxicatingeffects. Well I guess that is about the best way you could put it. Hashish is most widely used in the Netherlands and Germany in placescalled well Hashish Bars. There you can purchase it and use it w hichis very uncommon for most countries because it is illegal every whereelse. Hashish Oil is pretty much the same thing but it is in an oilform therefor making it more potent. The first known use of marijuana is in 8000 B.C. where it was usedfor clothing and other useful little items. The first known time thatmarijuana was smoked was in the year 2700 B.C. in the country of Chinafor religious purposes. Famous people that are have said to smoke thedrug were Thomas Jefferson, James Madison, Benjamin Franklin, and yesit was even rumored that John F. Kennedy Jr. was to have smoked itbecause it remedied his back problems. How Marijuana is SmokedThere are many different ways that people have invented to smokeit. The three main ways are the Joint, the Bowl, and one of the mostliked styles the Bong. Joints are one of the most commonly used typesof weed smoking. It involves using a small sheet of paper calledrolling papers these can be bought at any local convenience store. Youroll the Marij uana by hand into the paper like a cigarette. Another common way of taking in the smoke is through a small pipeor Bowl. This is the easiest version of smoking it in that you onlyhave to put the drug into a relatively small container like you wouldstuff Tabacco into a pipe. These are usually found in Cigarette andTabacco selling locations. Canadian Health Care VS. U.S. Health Care EssayThe least common but healthiest way to smoke the drug is throughwhat the inventive, yet scientifically smart smokers have come up withcalled a Bong. This device has many features to it, for instance youuse water in this device to filter out the worst part of the smoke andleave nearly all THC. Some Bongs and Bowls come with what smokers calla carb which increases the hits intensity and volume. The governments standing on Marijuana seems to be constantlychanging. Most States spend millions of dollars in trying to control thesubstance and stop its use and distribution. Some people think that itsa waste of time to spend the money and time on doing so but others seemto feel differently about it ( probably because they never used itbefore ) and try to futile stamp out its use. Just recently Californiapass a law saying that it was legal to have the possession of and smokethe drug but only for medical use and even then the law is very stricton the people that smoke it legally. Drug testing for Marijuana is relatively simple yet kind of odd. Adoctor will walk up to you with a small plastic disposable cup and hewill ask you for a urine sample. Now do not take offense at this, thisis what you have to do for the test hes not some weirdo asking for aurine sample for his collection back at home. He will then take thesample to a lab and go through the gruesome progress of seeing if youurine sample has traces of THC in it the average test will take about aday. There are a few good but extremely odd ways of defeating the testif you now your going to test positive one of which is a pill calledGolden seal not much is known about how it does it but it does flushyour system of the drug. Another way is a little more odd than thefirst you drink lots of vinegar (yuk!) I know what your going to say Iwont do that ever! Well your wrong when it comes down to it, if younice paying job is on the line well chug chug chug away cause that isa qu ick way to do it. There is another way to test for Marijuana and that is though hairsampling. This process is allot more expensive than urine sampling butit is more effective in detecting the drug. In fact the only way to notget detected is to shave every single hair off your body, and thatmeans EVERY hair including eyelashes, eyebrows, armpit hairs, leg hairs,arm hairs, and yes even down in the spot where it counts. If you doknow your going to take a hair test well kiss the job goodbye cause wellI think they will know when you come in for the test with out a singlehair on your body. Well Im going to cut things short hope you dont mind but Imgoing to pass out otherwise. Its been fun ta ta.
Wednesday, April 15, 2020
The play Translations by Brian Friel Essay Example For Students
The play Translations by Brian Friel Essay The play Translations was written by Brian Friel an Irish playwright and a founder of the Field Day Theatre Company who, for their first production, presented Translations in 1980. The popularity of the play was so that productions were the staged regularly within England and Ireland through out the 1980s but what was it that made the play so popular.Ã Within the 1980s troubles had sparked within Northern Ireland, the horrific Bloody Sunday, civil rights marches and the formation of the terrorist group calling themselves The Provisional IRA created a deeply divided nation. These political troubles echoed those of Irelands past when the divide between the protestant landlords and the Catholics who worked the land and were heavily taxed, like the occupants of Baile Beag in 1833, for this reason the play would have been of interest to audiences in the 1980s as a historic background to the current events. But the play was not historically correct although it was based loosely around historic fact there were major deviances for which the play was criticised. For instance the Sappers Yolland and Lancey who are mapping Ireland using English place names, although they may have been employed by the army to map the landscape they were not soldiers and would never have had the man power to destroy the village as Yolland threatened. We will write a custom essay on The play Translations by Brian Friel specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now The plays content is diverse attracting various audiences but the key for it success is the inclusion of the factors which engage the audience, Conflict, Anticipation, Suspense, pace and contrast. Confliction between Maire and Manus, anticipation about Maire and Lanceys relationship, suspense when Lancey dies, pace when Owen arrives and contrast between Doalty and Jimmy Jack all examples of each of the techniques. The humour present in the play is also an attractive feature for an audience, for instance the character Jimmy Jacks infatuation with the ancient Greek and Latin texts leading him to believe they are true and that he is to be married to the goddess Athene. Other humour is also present in the structure of the play. The comic irony that although the characters on stage are reciting the play in English they are actually speaking Gaelic. To the upper class the theatre was considered an intelligible place to go. The translations play was not only philosophical but political and didactical so a upper class audience would have found it fitting as well as entertaining for its humorous and human interests, such as relationships, within the script.Ã As well as the English and Irish audiences other audiences were also present in America as well this is down to the fact that there are areas of Irish communities due to emigration. This audience would be interested as the play takes place a little before the potato famine, which caused the mass emigration to America.Ã Overall the play had great popularity due to the vast content Willy Russell had incorporated within the story giving a factor to attract each audience type.
Thursday, March 12, 2020
The positive and negative effects of ICT in view of its social, economic, legal and moral implications Essays
The positive and negative effects of ICT in view of its social, economic, legal and moral implications Essays The positive and negative effects of ICT in view of its social, economic, legal and moral implications Paper The positive and negative effects of ICT in view of its social, economic, legal and moral implications Paper Computers have and will continue to revolutionise every part of our day-to-day living. The use of ICT has made great improvement to our living. The use of ICT has made great improvements to be lives, and has done a lot of good for mankind. However, the use ICT regardless of its advantages also has its down sides. In this report, I am going to discuss some of the positive and negative effects of ICT in view of its social, economic, legal and moral implications. Social aspects are those effects that are made upon society, and how people behave and act towards each other. Moral issues arte those, which concern right and wrong. Economic issues are linked with employment and money. Finally legal aspects are those to do with the law. The social issues consist of:- 1. (information risk) and (information poor) Not every one is able to afford a computer. A two tie society could be created because of this people who are computer literate and those who are unable to exploit the technology. 2. The internet changing how we react More people are shopping online and are communicating via email making people lazy. Internet communication may make people lose their personal communication sills. 3. over reliance on technology People rely too much on computers for the smooth running of society. 4. impact on literacy People spend more time on the computer games and the consequences less time for reading and improving literacy skills. Educations concentration may drop. 5. Swiftness of life The pace of life is increasing by the use of computers. Computers are changing and may people are adapting to the way of the internet thinking. The main moral issues are: 1. unrestricted internet areas Children access sites without parental control. There is little control on what can be downloaded or posted on the internet. 2. computers are replacing people at work People are losing their jobs because the computers are machineries do their jobs. 3. easy to copy files copying computer files is very easy. The use of computers has a great effect on people all around the world. Email is a cheap and fast to be sent to whom you want around the world. Videoconferences can be held because this increasing technology. This digital communication is used through satellite and telephone capable. The use of television and cable is also used through satellite. Now internet can be accessed through phone and via text, images and videos can be sent in seconds. The legal aspect of ICT The increasing use of ICT and its effects many new laws have had to be made. Some of which are listed below:- The data protection Act 1998 This presents the data themes with its right. It contains 8 rules which are as follows: Personal data must be used for lawfully purpose All personal data must be processed fairly and lawfully. The data must be pertinent, significant, and less for the purpose. Should be exact Data must be safe in the right of the data subject matters Data must not go out to any countries out of the European economic. If the law is not abided on then the person would be faced with a consequence such as paying a fine. Computer misuse Act 1990 Due to the misuse of ICT such as hacking, fraud and viruses, the law was introduced in 1990 called computer misuse act 1990, this made three things illegal which are as followed: Illegal hacking, this includes things that you are not allowed to look legally. The started that if this rule was broken then the person would get a fine of à ¯Ã ¿Ã ½2000 and a six month imprisonment. If someone gained computer materials illegally, then the consequence for breaking this rule is that the person gets an unlimited fine and imprisonment, the maximum years for imprisonment is up to five years. The copyright Design and patience act 1989 This law states that it is illegal to copy files without authorization from the copyright holder. The law can be broken in three ways Downloading text and images from the internet, by not saying where you got them from. Using software without the licence. Copying a program which you use at work and then you use that same program at home with out asking the copyright holder for permission. The person who does this they are breaking the law and the person would get an unlimited fine. The regulations of investigatory power Act 2000 This law is about converting computer uses at work for health and safety (Display Screen Equipment) regulations 1992. This law says that the employer needs to do 5 things: Analyse workstations, and access to reduce risk for the employers need to check that computer equipment is safe and if it is not they have to make it straight. Ensure workstations meet minimum requirements: this includes working computer chairs and good lighting. Planning work so there are changes of activities: employers should not expect there employers to work on the computers all day they should give them breaks. They have to provide free eye tests to all the staff members, who regularly use VDU (Visual Display Units) as part of their job. Provide health and safety training and information: so employers would know some kind of action themselves to reduce the health risks. The economic aspects of ICT Many jobs have been lost thought this revolution of computers and machines. These jobs are mostly last through the car industry because they have switched from manual labour to computer-controlled machines, to construct their cars. The government faces unemployment because of machines, which have taken over thought computerised systems. However, the government helps people find jobs. The internet is an open door to trading EBay is one of the fastest growing ways of selling at home. The social economic issues in regards to using ICT in interactive travel agencies: Social aspects: People may fear that there personal information would be hacked into. People might become too reliable on using the travel agency on the net, which it may result in them losing their confidence of actually asking directly about flight in the travel agencies. No appointment is needed to use the online travel bookings. People may feel more free and comfortable on using the travel agent system as there is no time limit where it can be used. People may not know how to use computers so they will not fell comfortable. Moral aspects: Some people may feel that this system is available to children and they may get access to some particular things which parents may feel uncomfortable with. The travel agency system may be a popularity of travel agencies.
Tuesday, February 25, 2020
Legal Ethical Nursing Situation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words
Legal Ethical Nursing Situation - Essay Example (Scott, 2000) Practice sisters in GP group practices who often do the actual disease notification are not the ones to receive the statutory payment. Senior HIV/AIDS discharge co-coordinators (nurses) and research nurses have been employed with part of their job defined in terms which are normally part of the doctor's role. Needless to say, they are paid less than doctors. There is generally a lack of recognition and concern for the dilemmas nurses are faced with in this field. Although the ethical codes of both the medical and nursing professions are not at odds on these matters, the actual practice is. In fact, the nursing code in particular is quite advanced and very clear, but the conflicts and power struggles which still exist between medicine and nursing make it very difficult for nurses-advocates of the patients-to live by the letter and spirit of their code. Not only does the individual nurse suffer in this situation, but any decent nurse is forced into defending the rights of the patient in opposition to the quality of the data collected. This is not an argument against nurses entering the field of epidemiology, but rather an argument for bringing the rights of the individual patient and the public aims of epidemiology and health policy together. Nurses are often in the best position to identify these problems and should be listened to. (De Selincourt, 2000) Literature Review/ Case Study A young woman, Amanda, is pregnant. She attends the antenatal clinic, where a midwife takes her health history and runs a series of tests, such as blood, urine and blood pressure. She is counseled by the midwife on, among other things, the implications of human immuno-deficiency virus (HIV) and of being tested for it. Although the midwife has no reason to believe that Amanda has been exposed to HIV, she offers her an HIV test. Amanda declines, as there seems to be no need for one. She is also aware of the difficulties in obtaining a mortgage if she has this test. The blood sample taken by the midwife is sent to a laboratory for analysis for hemoglobin content, rubella antibodies, and syphilis. At the same time a small amount of blood from this sample is placed in an unnamed test tube which is then sent to a central laboratory to be tested for HIV. The midwife is completely unaware that this has occurred so cannot inform Amanda. The next time that Amanda visits the antenatal clinic the other blood results are returned to her and, as they are normal, she continues with her pregnancy uneventfully. Unknown to her the anonymous blood sample has been tested and found to be HIV antibody positive and this is recorded at the national surveillance centre, where data on HIV and acquired immuno-deficiency syndrome (AIDS) and other infectious diseases are collected. The information accompanying this sample includes Amanda's age range (i.e. between 35 and 40 years), her gender and the geographical origin of the sample. In this case the epidemiologist will not have information about the means by which HIV was contracted. The data will provide information about the trends of HIV among pregnant women who attend antenatal clinics over a five-year period. Amanda's pregnancy
Saturday, February 8, 2020
Friedrich List Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words
Friedrich List - Essay Example 6). List claims that his theory of ââ¬Å"National Systemâ⬠is based on historical empiricism. Therefore, though he agrees with the Classical School of Economy on the point that global free marketplaces are desirable, he seems to be concerned about the monopolist influence of the strongest economy on the countries of weaker economy. Merely one century after the industrial revolution had began to force the European nations to seek for newer and cheaper sources of raw materials in order to feed their ever booming mills and factories, List foretold the economic imperialism of the technological industry-based economies of the world. Therefore, the prerequisite for a countryââ¬â¢s participation in the global free marketplace, as List suggests, is to reach the level of the leading nation. It may seem that List is advocating for such criteria of participation in the global free marketplace, which will mostly impossible for the countries of weaker economies to fulfill. On the surface level, it seems that there must be some nations who will never be able to attain the level of the leading nations. ... Throughout his whole life, List had sought for individuality. This tendency provoked him to adopt his fatherââ¬â¢s business of tannery. Instead, he joined the post of a clerk in the public service and later he became the under-secretary in a ministerial department in 1816. Subsequently he became a professor of political administration at the University of Tubigen and a deputy to the Wurttemberg Chamber where he strongly raised his voice for administrative reforms (Henderson, 1983, pp. 4-5). His rebellion against the administrative conventions at the Wurttemberg Chamber earned him ten monthsââ¬â¢ imprisonment in the Jail of Asperg. In 1824, h escaped from the imprisonment and immigrates to America where he gathered experiences as a landholder from farming which inspired him to look deep into the economic infrastructure of a country. Furthermore, he claimed that Alexander Hamiltonââ¬â¢s works inspired him a lot to view the economy of a country as a ââ¬ËNational Systemââ¬â ¢. Indeed, during his stay in Germany, his experience with the arbitrary bureaucratic political system assisted him to perceive the political dimension of economy and the importance of the political systemââ¬â¢s role in people economic welfare of the common people who are not directly attached to politics (Henderson, 1983, pp. 13-15). For List, ââ¬Å"the nation is the most important link between the individual and mankindâ⬠(ââ¬Å"Frederick Listâ⬠, 1968, pars. 6). This of concept of List about the indispensability of politics from economy later became realized more by Henry Clayââ¬â¢s ââ¬Å"American Systemâ⬠. During his stay in Pennsylvania in America, he wrote ââ¬Å"Outlines of a New System of Political Economyâ⬠and published it 1827. In this pamphlet, he
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